Matla a letsatsi ke theknoloji ea bohlokoa bakeng sa linaha tse ngata tse batlang ho fokotsa tlhahiso e tsoang makaleng a tsona a matla, 'me matla a lefats'e a kentsoeng a loketse kholo ea rekoto lilemong tse tlang.
ho kenngoa ha matla a letsatsi ho ntse ho eketseha ka potlako lefatšeng ka bophara ha linaha li ntse li matlafatsa matsapa a tsona a matla a tsosolositsoeng le ho leka ho fokotsa ho ntšoa ha khabone ho fehlang motlakase.
Hammoho le moea, photovoltaic ea letsatsi (PV) ke eona e thehiloeng ka ho fetisisa ea thekenoloji ea matla a tlaase a carbon, 'me ha e ntse e hōla ka tekanyo, litšenyehelo tsa tsoelo-pele li theoha.
Kakaretso ea bokhoni bo kentsoeng qetellong ea 2019 e bile li-gigawatt tse ka bang 627 (GW) lefatšeng ka bophara.
Ho latela International Energy Agency (IEA), solar e mocheng oa ho beha lirekoto tsa thomelo e ncha ea lefats'e selemo se seng le se seng kamora 2022, ka karolelano ea 125 GW ea matla a macha a lebelletsoeng lefatšeng ka bophara lipakeng tsa 2021 le 2025.
Moetso oa Solar PV o eketsehile 22% ka 2019, mme e emetse kholo ea bobeli e kholo ka ho fetesisa ea mahlale a macha a ka nchafatsoang, kamora moea le pele ho matla a metsi, ho latela setsi.
Ka 2020, ho hakanngoa hore 107 GW ea matla a letsatsi a eketsehileng e ile ea tlisoa marang-rang ho pota lefatše, ka 117 GW e lebelletsoeng ka 2021.
China ke 'maraka o moholo oa lefats'e oa matla a letsatsi,' me ha naha e ntse e theha merero ea ho fokotsa tlhahiso ea khabone pele ho 2060, ts'ebetso e kanna ea eketseha le ho feta lilemong tse mashome tse tlang.
Empa libaka lefats'eng ka bophara li ntse li eketsa matla a tsona a matla a letsatsi, 'me mona re hlahisa linaha tse hlano tse holimo ho latela matla a kentsoeng ho tloha ka 2019.
Linaha tse hlano tse holimo ka ho fetisisa tsa matla a letsatsi ka 2019
1. Chaena - 205 GW
China e ithorisa ka likepe tse kholo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng tse kentsoeng matla a letsatsi, tse lekantsoeng ho 205 GW ka 2019, ho latela tlaleho ea IEA's Renewables 2020.
Selemong sona seo, phepelo ea matla a tsoang ho matla a letsatsi e bile lihora tse 223.8 tsa terawatt (TWh) naheng.
Leha e le eona e hlahelletseng ka ho fetesisa lefatšeng, boholo ba moruo oa China bo bolela hore litlhoko tsa eona tse kholo tsa matla li khona ho amohela likepe tse kholo ka ho fetisisa tsa mashala le tse ka nchafatsoang.
Lithuso tsa 'muso li khothalelitse ts'ebetso lefapheng lena bofelong ba lilemo tsa 2010, le hoja lithuso bakeng sa merero ea khoebo li se li felisitsoe molemong oa hore ho be le mokhoa oa tlholisano oa fantisi.
Morero o moholo ka ho fetisisa oa letsatsi Chaena ke Huanghe Hydropower Hainan Solar Park (2.2 GW) profinseng ea Qinghai.
2. United States - 76 GW
US e bile le matla a letsatsi a bobeli a maholohali a kentsoeng lefats'eng ka 2019, a etsang kakaretso ea 76 GW mme e hlahisa 93.1 TWh ea motlakase.
Lilemong tse leshome tse tlang, ho hakanngoa hore lisebelisoa tsa letsatsi la US li tla fihla ho 419 GW ha naha e ntse e potlakisa boiteko ba eona bo hloekileng ba matla le boiteko ba ho fokotsa matla a eona ka 2035.
Merero ea boemo bo holimo e laola indasteri ea letsatsi la US, 'me California, Texas, Florida le Virginia e le har'a linaha tse sebetsang ka ho fetisisa 'marakeng oa lapeng.
Ntho e ka sehloohong e susumetsang kholo ea US ke taolo ea litekanyetso tse nchafalitsoeng tsa potefolio (RPS) e tlamang barekisi ba motlakase ho fana ka peresente ea motlakase o tsoang mehloling e ka nchafatsoang.Litšenyehelo tse theohang tsa thomello le litefiso tsa lekhetho tse amehang le tsona li khothalelitse kholo lilemong tsa morao tjena.
3. Japane - 63,2 GW
Japane e maemong a boraro har'a linaha tse nang le matla a maholo a letsatsi, tse nang le likepe tse etsang 63.2 GW ka 2019, ho latela lintlha tsa IEA, tse hlahisang 74.1 TWh ea motlakase.
Mehloli e meng ea matla e kang letsatsi le lisebelisoa tse ling tse nchafalitsoeng e se e tumme ho feta ho tloha ha koluoa ea nyutlelie ea Fukushima ka 2011, e ileng ea susumetsa naha ho fokotsa haholo mesebetsi ea eona ea matla a nyutlelie.
Japane e sebelisitse merero ea li-feed-in-tariff (FiT) ho khothaletsa phepelo ea theknoloji ea letsatsi hore e be le phello e ntle, leha ho le joalo mmaraka oa letsatsi oa PV o lebelletsoe ho theoha hanyane lilemong tse tlang.
Keketso ea PV ea Japane e lebelletsoe ho qala konteraka ho qala ka 2022, haholo-holo ka lebaka la ho felisoa ha leano la FiT le nang le seatla se bulehileng bakeng sa merero e meholo le bokhoni bo sa ngolisoeng ba lifantisi tse fetileng, ho bolela IEA.
Leha ho le joalo, matla a letsatsi a kentsoeng Japane a ka atamela 100 GW ka 2025 ho latela maano a mmuso le ho theoha ha litšenyehelo.
4. Jeremane - 49,2 GW
Jeremane ke naha e etelletseng pele Europe bakeng sa phepelo ea letsatsi, e nang le likepe tsa naha tse ka bang 49.2 GW ka 2019, tse hlahisang 47.5 TWh ea motlakase.
Lifantisi tsa tlholisano li matlafalitse indasteri lilemong tsa morao tjena, 'me haufinyane mmuso oa Jeremane o khothalelitse ho eketsa sepheo sa ona sa 2030 sa ho kenya letsatsi ho isa ho 100 GW kaha e shebile karolo ea 65% ea lisebelisoa tse nchafalitsoeng molemong oa ho kopanya matla ho elella bofelong ba lilemo tse leshome.
Mehaho e menyenyane, ea poraefete e tloaelehile Jeremane, e khothaletsoa ke mekhoa ea ts'ehetso ea mmuso joalo ka moputso bakeng sa tlhahiso e feteletseng, athe merero ea lits'ebeletso e lebelletsoe ho hola lilemong tse tlang.
Morero o moholo ka ho fetisisa naheng ea naha oa letsatsi ho fihlela joale ke setsi sa 187-megawatt (MW) Weesow-Wilmersdorf leboea-bochabela ho Berlin, se entsoeng ke setsi sa Jeremane sa EnBW.
5. India - 38 GW
India e na le matla a letsatsi a bohlano a maholo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng a kentsoeng, a etsang kakaretso ea 38 GW ka 2019, mme e hlahisa 54 TWh ea motlakase.
Tlhokahalo ea matla ho pholletsa le India e lebelletsoe ho hola ho feta sebaka sefe kapa sefe lilemong tse mashome tse tlang, 'me, joalo ka naha ea boraro e kholo ka ho fetesisa ea khabone lefats'eng, maano a ntse a ntlafatsoa ho tlosa naha ho tloha mafura a mashala joalo ka mashala molemong oa ho nchafatsa.
Maikemisetso a mmuso a kenyeletsa 450 GW ya matla a matla a ka ntjhafatswang ka 2030, mme letsatsi le lebeletswe ho ba bohareng ba tabatabelo ena.
Ka 2040, IEA e lebelletse hore letsatsi le tla tšoara karolo e ka bang 31% ea motsoako oa matla oa India tlasa litabatabelo tse boletsoeng hajoale tsa leano, ha li bapisoa le tse ka tlase ho 4% kajeno.
Setsi sena se qotsa "tlholisano e sa tloaelehang ea litšenyehelo tsa letsatsi" India e le tšusumetso ea phetoho ena, "e leng ntle ho qothisanang lehlokoa le matla a teng a mashala ka 2030 le ha a kopantsoe le polokelo ea betri".
Leha ho le joalo, litšitiso tsa grid ea phetiso le liphephetso tsa ho nkuoa ha mobu li tla hloka ho rarolloa ho potlakisa nts'etsopele e tsoelang pele ea 'maraka oa matla a letsatsi oa India lilemong tse tlang.
Nako ea poso: Jun-07-2022